Bachelor of Laws

The Bachelor of Laws (Latin: Legum Baccalaureus; LL.B. or BL) has a law degree course (or a first professional degree in law, depending on the jurisdiction) originating in England and offered in most common law jurisdictions . The "LL". the acronym for the degree is from the genitive plural legum (the lex, the law). Creating an abbreviation of a plural, in particular from the Latin, it is often done by doubling the first letter (for example, "pp" to "pages"), thus "LL.B." It stands for Legum Baccalaureus in Latin. It is sometimes misleadingly called "Bachelor of Legal Letters" to account for the double "L".
The United States is no longer offers the LL.B., although some universities have introduced a Bachelor of Science in Legal Studies which includes constitutional law, Tort law, and criminal law within the curriculum. The Master of Science of Laws (MSL) is also offered in some universities accredited by the American Bar Association. While the LL.B. was awarded until 1971 at Yale University, from that moment, all US universities have been awarded the J. D. Ph.D. professional, who then became the generally standardized degree in most states for the bar exam required before the practice of law. Many law schools converted their basic programs law degree from LL.B. in J.D. in 1960, and allowed LL.B. first graduates of retroactively receive new doctorates giving them LL.B. in exchange for a degree J.D .. Yale graduates who received LL.B. degrees prior to 1971 were similarly allowed to change their degree to a J.D., although many did not take the option, maintaining their LL.B. degrees.
Historically, in Canada, Bachelor of Laws was the name of the first degree in common law, but is also the name of the first degree in Quebec civil law awarded by a number of universities of Quebec. Canadian common law LL.B. programs are, in practice, the degrees of the second professional input, which means that the vast majority of those who admitted to a LL.B. program were already in possession of one or more grades, or as a minimum (with very few exceptions), have completed two years of study at a first input, a degree course in another discipline. Today in Canada the predominant first degree in common law is the Juris Doctor degree have replaced the LL.B.
Bachelor of Laws is also the name of the first degree in Scots law and South African law (both being pluralistic legal systems which are based in part on common law and partly on civil law) issued respectively by a number of universities in Scotland and South Africa.
medieval universities, and the first law degree were doctorates. The foundation of the first universities were the commentators of the 11th century, which were also the law schools. The first university, that of Bologna, was founded as a law school by four distinguished legal scholars in the 12th century who were students of glossator school in that city. The University of Bologna has served as a model for other medieval era law schools. While it was common for law students to visit and study in schools in other countries, such was not the case with England because the British refusal to Roman law (except for some jurisdictions, such as the Admiralty Court), and although the University of Oxford and University of Cambridge did teach canon law to the English Reformation, its importance was always superior to civil law in those institutions.